Onsens (Japanese hot springs) are among my favorite experiences. I’ll explain how to enjoy the Japanese onsen tradition while respecting the proper etiquette. Like other aspects of Japanese culture, bathing in an onsen has its own distinct etiquette and ritual. In fact, there are specific steps you’ll want to follow in a precise order before immersing yourself in the relaxing hot waters found throughout Japan.
Changing Rooms
The initial step in enjoying a hot spring bath involves locating the separate changing areas, typically found outside the bathing zones and divided by gender. The identification of men’s and women’s changing areas is usually indicated by hanging curtains. While blue curtains often signify the men’s bath and red curtains the women’s, it’s important to note that this may not always be the case.
The accompanying photo displays typical blue (men) and red (women) curtains design along with kanji characters that may indicate the respective genders:
The changing rooms provide space for disrobing and usually feature shelves, baskets, or lockers for storing personal belongings. Additionally, amenities such as sinks, hair dryers, or tissue paper may be available. For added security, coin lockers or safe boxes might be provided to store valuable items.
Before entering an onsen, it is customary to rinse your body thoroughly. Most onsen facilities provide a bathing area equipped with showers and stools. Take a seat and use the provided buckets and showerheads to cleanse yourself. It is important to note that soap should not be used in the bathing area, as it can contaminate the pristine waters of the onsen.
Towels
When it comes to towels, two types are commonly used in Japanese baths. Small towels are utilized within the bath for cleansing the body and for a bit of privacy while moving around the bathing areas. On the other hand, large towels are left in the changing room and used for drying oneself after the bath. When staying at a ryokan or hotel, towels are usually provided in the room or bath area. In public bathhouses, towels can typically be purchased or rented for a nominal fee, but guests are welcome to bring their own.
How to onsen
Outlined below is a description of the typical process for enjoying a hot spring bath, although specific rules may vary slightly between establishments.
The customary layout of a small indoor bath:
- In the changing room, remove all clothing and place them in a basket along with the large bath towel. Coin lockers are often available for storing valuables.
- Hot springs are traditionally enjoyed in the nude, and swimwear is not permitted. However, it is customary to bring a small towel into the bathing area to enhance privacy when outside the water. (in case of mixed baths, the structure will provide swimwear)
- Before entering the bath, thoroughly rinse your body using water from a trough, tap, or the bath itself, using a bowl or shower.
- Enter the bath and soak. Take note that the water temperature can be quite hot, typically ranging from 40-44 degrees Celsius (104-111 degrees Fahrenheit). If the temperature feels too high, enter the bath slowly and minimize movement.
- Ensure that your small towel remains out of the water. Many bathers set their towels aside or fold them and place them on their heads.
- Refrain from speaking loudly, swimming, or submerging your head. If you have long hair, tie it up before entering the bath.
- Explore different baths, if available, and take breaks. Avoid sitting on the edge of the bath tub as others may rest their heads there.
- After finishing your soak, it is recommended not to rinse your body with tap water to allow the hot spring water’s minerals to have their full effect.
- Use your small towel to gently pat yourself dry before returning to the changing room to keep the floor dry. You can further dry yourself with the large bath towel in the changing room.
It is important to note that cleaning the body is not the primary purpose of hot spring bathing, especially when taking multiple baths in a day. Instead, the aim is to benefit from the minerals present in the hot spring water.
However, many hot spring baths provide facilities for individuals to cleanse themselves, often offering shampoo and body soap. If you choose to clean yourself, ensure thorough rinsing to prevent soap from entering the bath water. When using the shower, sit on a low stool and be mindful not to spray water on other bathers. Remember to tidy up your space after use.
Bonus tip– give a look at Takaragawa Onsen, one of my favorite Onsen destinations, completely lost in nature and mountains:
Healt and Safety
Despite the relaxing nature of hot spring bathing, it can be physically demanding, especially for individuals with high blood pressure or other health conditions. The hot water can be taxing, so it is advisable to take brief bathing sessions and cool down periodically. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water before and after the bath is essential, while alcoholic beverages should be avoided as they can lead to dehydration. It is also recommended not to bathe immediately after a meal.
Additionally, it is important to exercise caution due to potentially slippery floors in hot spring baths. Some hot spring waters may be cloudy or non-transparent, making the underwater steps difficult to discern. To prevent slip and fall injuries, enter the tubs slowly and move around the baths with care.
Participating in a Japanese onsen is not merely about enjoying a relaxing bath but also about immersing oneself in the rich cultural heritage of Japan. By adhering to the traditional customs and etiquettes outlined above, visitors can ensure a harmonious and respectful experience while embracing the therapeutic benefits of the onsen. So, the next time you find yourself in Japan, take the opportunity to soak in the serenity of an onsen, and let the healing waters transport you to a place of tranquility.
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